国务院关于废止第二批涉外法规的通知(附英文)
国务院
国务院关于废止第二批涉外法规的通知(附英文)
国务院
为了加快实施沿海地区经济发展战略,促进我国沿海地区外向型经济的发展,国务院有关部门根据国务院关于清理涉外法规的部署和要求,对国务院发布或者批准发布的现行涉外方面的行政法规和法规性文件(以下简称法规)进行了清理。清理出来的第二批应予废止的法规12件,经
国务院清理涉外法规领导小组和国务院法制局逐件复查,国务院审议,决定予以废止(法规名称见附件一)。
同时清理出来的第二批自行失效的法规16件,也经国务院清理涉外法规领导小组和国务院法制局逐件复查,现一并附后(法规名称见附件二),以便各地区、各部门全面了解已失效的涉外法规的情况,利于工作。
附件:一、第二批应予废止的涉外法规目录(12件)
二、第二批自行失效的涉外法规目录(16件)
附件一:第二批应予废止的涉外法规目录
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 废止理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|1 |国务院关于海关人|1958年2月27日 |〔1958〕政内罗字 |已被1987年1月22日 |
| |身检查问题的报告| |32号 |第六届全国人大常委 |
| |的批复 | | |会第十九次会议通过 |
| | | | |的《中华人民共和国 |
| | | | |海关法》所代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|2 |国务院关于严格履|1973年6月26日 |国发〔1973〕76号 |与1988年2月26日国 |
| |行出口商品合同的| | |务院发布的《国务院 |
| |通知 | | |关于加快和深化对外 |
| | | | |贸易体制改革若干问 |
| | | | |题的规定》等法规有 |
| | | | |抵触。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|3 |外国登山团体来华|国务院批准, |〔1979〕体军字108|已被1981年1月14日 |
| |登山的规定(试行)|1979年9月20日国|号 |国家体委发布的《外 |
| | |家体委、国家旅 | |国登山或登山旅游团 |
| | |游总局发布 | |体来华登山的规定》 |
| | | | |所代替 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|4 |对外国登山团体来|国务院批准, |〔1979〕体军字108|已被1981年1月14日 |
| |华登山收取费用的|1979年9月20日国|号 |国家体委发布的《外 |
| |办法(试行) |家体委、国家旅 | |国登山或登山旅游团 |
| | |游总局发布 | |体来华收取费用的办 |
| | | | |法》所代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|5 |国务院批转国家物|1980年1月21日 |国发〔1980〕22号 |已被1985年10月23日 |
| |价总局关于对华 | | |国务院批准,国家旅 |
| |侨、港澳同胞、台| | |游局、国家物价局发 |
| |湾同胞及中国血统| | |布的《中国国际旅游 |
| |外籍人探亲旅游服| | |价格管理暂行规定》 |
| |务收费座谈会情况| | |所代替。 |
| |的报告的通知 | | | |
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 废止理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|6 |国务院批转外贸 |1980年4月22日 |国发〔1980〕94号 |已被1985年11月22日 |
| |部、公安部、外交| | |第六届全国人大常委 |
| |部关于修订邀请外| | |会第十三次会议通过 |
| |国商人入境审批权| | |的《中华人民共和国 |
| |限的请示的通知 | | |公民出境入境管 |
| | | | |理法》、《中华人民共 |
| | | | |和国外国人入境出境 |
| | | | |管理法》及1986年12 |
| | | | |月国务院批准,公安 |
| | | | |部等部门发布的《中 |
| | | | |华人民共和国公民出 |
| | | | |境入境管理法实施 |
| | | | |细则》、《中华人民共 |
| | | | |和国外国人入境出境 |
| | | | |管理法实施细则》所 |
| | | | |代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|7 |国务院批准外经 |1980年10月4日 |〔1980〕外经请示 |已被1987年6月9日民 |
| |部、民政部、外交| |六字第077号 |政部、经贸部、外交 |
| |部关于接受联合国| | |部印发《关于调整接 |
| |救灾署授助的请示| | |受国际救灾授助方针 |
| |的通知 | | |问题的请示》的通知 |
| | | | |所代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|8 |国务院关于解决涤|1981年5月15日 |国发〔1981〕84号 |已被1987年12月23日 |
| |棉布出口高亏和来| | |国办发〔1987〕80号文 |
| |料加工问题的通知| | |《国务院办公厅转发 |
| | | | |经贸部关于抓住有利 |
| | | | |时机进一步发展来料 |
| | | | |加工装配等业务请示 |
| | | | |的通知》所代替。 |
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 废止理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|9 |国务院办公厅关于|1983年5月21日 |国办发〔1983〕38 |已被1985年11月25日 |
| |外事活动中购买飞| |号 |国发〔1985〕133号文 |
| |机票和安全检查问| | |《国务院批转公安 |
| |题的通知 | | |部、民航局关于简化 |
| | | | |购买国内飞机票手续 |
| | | | |问题的请示的通知》 |
| | | | |所代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|10|国务院办公厅关于|1983年5月26日 |国办发〔1983〕41 |已被1985年11月25日 |
| |执行《国务院关于| |号 |国发〔1985〕133号文 |
| |加强防止劫机和安| | |《国务院批转公安 |
| |全保卫工作的命 | | |部、民航局关于简化 |
| |令》中若干具体问| | |购买国内飞机票手续 |
| |题的通知 | | |问题的请示的通知》所代替 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|11|国务院批转对外经|1983年8月5日 |国发〔1983〕121号|已被1985年10月19日 |
| |济贸易部关于大力| | |国发〔1985〕128号文 |
| |扩大机电产品出口| | |《国务院批转国家计 |
| |问题的报告的通知| | |委等部门关于扩大机 |
| | | | |电产品出口报告的 |
| | | | |通知》所代替。 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|12|关于接待外国文教|1984年7月24日国|国办发〔1984〕58 |已被1988年4月9日外 |
| |专家费用开支标准|务院办公厅发布 |号 |专发〔1988〕85号文 |
| |的规定 | | |《外国专家局、财政 |
| | | | |部、国家科委关于修 |
| | | | |订接待外国专家费用 |
| | | | |开支标准的通知》所 |
| | | | |代替。 |
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附件二:第二批宣布自行失效的涉外法规目录
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 失效理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|1 |国务院、中央军委|1973年12月17日|国发〔1973〕182号|适应当时情况的规 |
| |关于加强对外开放| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |机场和国际班机安| | | |
| |全保卫工作的指示| | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|2 |国务院批转国家物|1979年9月10日 |国发〔1979〕230号|适应当时情况的规 |
| |价总局、商业部、| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |中国旅行游览事业| | | |
| |管理总局关于涉外| | | |
| |价格座谈会情况的| | | |
| |报告的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|3 |国务院批转国家进|1980年5月28日 |国发〔1980〕45号 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |出口委关于京、 | | |定,自行失效。 |
| |津、沪三市第二次| | | |
| |出口工作座谈会的| | | |
| |报告的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|4 |国务院批转国家物|1980年6月2日 |国发〔1980〕150号|适应当时情况的规 |
| |价总局关于当前涉| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |外价格存在问题和| | | |
| |解决意见的报告的| | | |
| |通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|5 |出口工业品专厂试|国务院批准, |〔80〕进出出字第 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |行办法 |1980年8月10日国|041号 |定,自行失效。 |
| | |家进出口委发出 | | |
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 废止理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|6 |出口农副产品生产|国务院批准, |〔80〕进出出字第 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |基地试行办法 |1980年8月19日国|041号 |定,自行失效。 |
| | |家进出口委发布 | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|7 |国务院关于立即制|1980年9月5日 |国发〔1980〕229号|适应当时情况的规 |
| |止非法买卖走私进| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |口物品的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|8 |国务院、中央军委|1981年3月30日 |〔1981〕6号 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |关于坚决打击走私| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |活动的指示 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|9 |中共中央、国务院|1981年8月3日 |中发〔1981〕29号 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |批转《东南沿海三| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |省第二次打击走私| | | |
| |工作会议纪要》的| | | |
| |通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|10|国务院办公厅转发|1981年12月10日| |适用期已过,自行失 |
| |共青团中央中国旅| | |效。 |
| |游总局关于共青团| | | |
| |经营对外旅游业务| | | |
| |问题的报告的通知| | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|11|国务院批转第五次|1983年3月5日 |国发〔1983〕32号 |适用期已过,自行失 |
| |全国港口外贸运输| | |效。 |
| |计划平衡会议纪要| | | |
| |的通知 | | | |
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|序号| 法规名称 | 发布机关及日期 | 发文字号 | 废止理由 |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|12|国务院批转《东南|1984年11月25日|国发〔1984〕167号|适应当时情况的规 |
| |沿海三省第四次打| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |击走私工作会议纪| | | |
| |要》的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|13|国务院批转国家旅|1985年1月31日 |国发〔1985〕14号 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |游局关于当前旅游| | |定,自行失效。 |
| |体制改革几个问题| | | |
| |的报告的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|14|国务院办公厅转发|1985年3月28日 |国办发〔1985〕26 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |纺织工业部、对外| |号 |定,自行失效。 |
| |经济贸易部贯彻国| | | |
| |务院《关于纺织品| | | |
| |进出口若干问题的| | | |
| |规定》实施意见的| | | |
| |请示的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|15|国务院办公厅转发|1985年4月21日 |国办发〔1985〕35 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |国家旅游局关于纠| |号 |定,自行失效。 |
| |正旅游系统不正之| | | |
| |风的报告的通知 | | | |
|--|--------|-----------|------------|--------------|
|16|国务院办公厅转发|1986年6月25日 |国办发〔1986〕52 |适应当时情况的规 |
| |《东南沿海三省第| |号 |定,自行失效。 |
| |五次打击走私工作| | | |
| |会议纪要》的通知| | | |
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CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ANNULMENT OF THESECOND BATCH OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ANNULMENT OF THE
SECOND BATCH OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS
(September 27, 1988)
In order to speed up the implementation of the strategy for economic
development in the coastal areas, and to promote the development of
export-oriented economy in the coastal areas of our country, the
departments concerned under the State Council, in accordance with the
planning and requirements of the State Council for the sorting out of
regulations governing foreign-related matters, have undertaken the sorting
out of the existing administrative regulations as well as other legal
documents (hereinafter referred to as "the regulations", for short),
promulgated by the State Council or promulgated with the approval of the
State Council. At present, the second batch of twelve regulations, which
have been sorted out and should be annulled, have been re-examined, piece
by piece, by the Leading Group under the State Council for the Sorting Out
of Regulations jointly with the Bureau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council and by the State Council: and it is decided to announce the
annulment of the aforesaid regulations (See Annex I for the titles of the
aforesaid regulations). At the same time, the second batch of sixteen
regulations, which have become invalid automatically, have also been
sorted out and reexamined, piece by piece, by the Leading Group under the
State Council for the Sorting Out of Regulations jointly with the Bureau
of Legislative Affairs of the State Council: and now these sixteen invalid
regulations (See Annex II for their titles) are also included here as
Annex II in order to help various regions and departments concerned obtain
an overall understanding of the condition of those invalid regulations
Governing foreign-related matters, thereby facilitating their work.
Annex I: A Catalogue of the Second Batch of Regulations Governing Foreign-
Related Matters Which Should be Annulled (12 pieces)
Annex II: A Catalogue of the Second Batch of Regulations Governing
Foreign-Related Matters Which Have Become Invalid Automatically (16
pieces)
Annex I
A CATALOGUE OF THE SECOND BATCH OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED
MATTERS WHICH SHOULD BE ANNULLED
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|Serial|The Title of the |Organ and |Serial |Reasons for Annulment |
|Number| Regulations |Date of Pro- |Number of | |
| | |mulgation |Outgoing | |
| | | |Document | |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 1 |A Written Reply of the |February |(1958) State |Replaced by "The Cus- |
| |State Council to the |27, 1958 |Council, |toms Law of the People's |
| |Report Concerning | |No. 32 |Republic of China," |
| |the Problem of Per- | | |adopted by the 19th Ses- |
| |sonal Inspection at | | |sion of the Standing |
| |the Customs | | |Committee of the 6th Na- |
| | | | |tional People's Congress |
| | | | |on January 22, 1987 |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 2 |Notice of the State |June 26, |(1973) State |Annulled because it is in |
| |Council Concerning |1973 |Council, |conflict with "Provisions |
| |the Strict Implementa- | |No. 76 |of the State Council Con- |
| |tion of Contracts for | | |cerning the Speeding Up |
| |Export Commodities | | |and Deepening of the |
| | | | |Reform in the Systems of |
| | | | |Foreign Trade |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 3 |Provisions Concern- |Approved |(1979) |Replaced by "Provisions |
| |ing Foreign Moun- |by the |No. 108 |Concerning Foreign |
| |taineering Parties |State Coun- | |Mountaineering Parties |
| |Coming to China for |cil; and | |or Mountaineering and |
| |Mountaineering (On |promul- | |Tourism Parties Coming |
| |Trial Implementation) |gated by | |to China for Moun- |
| | |the State | |taineering", promulgated |
| | |Physical | |by the State Physical |
| | |Culture | |Culture and Sports Com- |
| | |and Sports | |mission on January 14, |
| | |Commis- | |1981 |
| | |sion and | | |
| | |the Na- | | |
| | |tional | | |
| | |Tourism | | |
| | |Administra- | | |
| | |tion on | | |
| | |September | | |
| | |20, 1979 | | |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 4 |Procedures for the |Approved |(1979) |Replaced by "Procedures |
| |Collection of Fees |by the |No. 108 |for the Collection of Fees |
| |from Foreign Moun- | State Coun- | | from Foreign Moun- |
| |taineering Parties |cil; and | |taineering Parties or |
| |Coming to China for |promul- | |Mountaineering and |
| |Mountaineering (On |gated by | |Tourist Parties Coming |
| |Trial Implementation) |the State | |to China for Moun- |
| | |Physical | |taineering", promulgated |
| | |Culture | |by the State Physical |
| | |and Sports | |Culture and Sports Com- |
| | |Commis- | |mission on January 14, |
| | |sion and | |1981 |
| | |the Na- | | |
| | |tional | | |
| | |Tourism | | |
| | |Administra- | | |
| | |tion | | |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 5 |Approval and Trans- |January 21, |(1980) State |Replaced by "Interim |
| |mission by the State |1980 |Council |Provisions Concerning |
| |Council of a Report | |No. 22 |the Administration of |
| |Submitted by the | | |Prices for International |
| |State Administration | | |Tourism in China" ap- |
| |for Commodity Prices | | |proved by the State |
| |Concerning the Fo- | | |Council and promulgated |
| |rum on the Collection | | |by the National Tourism |
| |of Services Fees from | | |Administration and the |
| |Overseas Chinese, | | |State Administration for |
| |Compatriots from | | |Commodity Prices on |
| |Hong Kong, Macao, | | |October 23, 1985 |
| |and Taiwan as well as | | | |
| |Foreigners of Chinese | | | |
| |Descent Coming to | | | |
| |China's Mainland for | | | |
| |Visiting Relatives or | | | |
| |for Sightseeing | | | |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 6 |Notice of the State |April 22, |(1980) State |Replaced by "The Law of |
| |Council Concerning |1980 |Council, |the People's Republic of |
| |Its Approval and | |No. 94 |China on the Administra- |
| |Transmission of a | | |tion of Citizens Entering |
| |Report Submitted by | | |or Leaving the Country" |
| |the Ministry of | | |and "The Law of the Peo- |
| |Foreign Trade, the | | |ple's Republic of China |
| |Ministry of Public | | |on the administration of |
| |Security, and the | | |Foreigners Entering or |
| |Ministry of Foreign | | |Leaving the Country", |
| |Affairs Requesting In- | | |adopted by the 13th Ses- |
| |structions on the Revi-| | |sion of the Standing |
| |sion of Authority to | | |Committee of the 6th Na- |
| |Examine and Approve | | |tional People's Congress |
| |invitation to Foreign | | |on November 22, 1985, |
| |Businessmen to Come | | |and also by "Rules for |
| |to China | | |the Implementation of |
| | | | |the Law of the People's |
| | | | |Republic of China on the |
| | | | |Administration of Citi- |
| | | | |zens Entering or Leaving |
| | | | |the Country" and "Rules |
| | | | |for the Implementation of |
| | | | |the Law of the People's |
| | | | |Republic of China on the |
| | | | |Administration of For- |
| | | | |eigners Entering or Leav- |
| | | | |ing the Country", ap- |
| | | | |proved by the State |
| | | | |Council in December, |
| | | | |1986, and promulgated |
| | | | |by the Ministry of Public |
| | | | |Security and other |
| | | | |Ministries |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 7 |Notice of the State |October 4, |(1980) |Replaced by Notice of |
| |Council Concerning |1980 |Ministry of |"A Report Requesting In- |
| |Its Approval of a | |Foreign |structions on problems |
| |Reports Submitted by | |Economic |Concerning the Re- |
| |the Ministry of | |Relations |adjustment of the Policy |
| |Foreign Economic | |No. 077 |for Accepting Interna- |
| |Relations, the Min- | | |tional Disaster Relief", |
| |istry of Civil Affairs,| | |issued by the Ministry of |
| |and the Ministry of | | |Civil Affairs, the Ministry|
| |Foreign Affairs Re- | | |of Foreign Economic |
| |questing Instructions | | |Relations and Trade, and |
| |on the Acceptance of | | |the Ministry of Foreign |
| |Aids Given by the | | |Affairs on June 9, 1987 |
| |United Nations | | | |
| |Disaster Relief Ad- | | | |
| |ministration | | | |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 8 |Notice of the State |May 15, |(1981) State |Replaced by "Notice of |
| |Council Concerning |1981 |Council, |the General Office of the |
| |the Solution to the | |No. 84 |State Council Concern- |
| |Problems of Heavy | | |ing the Transmission of a |
| |Losses in the Export | | |Report Submitted by the |
| |of Trueran and of | | |Ministry of Foreign |
| |Processing Supplied | | |Economic Relations and |
| |Materials | | |Trade Requesting In- |
| | | | |structions on Seizing Ad- |
| | | | |vantageous Changes to |
| | | | |Develop Such Opera- |
| | | | |tional Businesses as Pro- |
| | | | |cessing Supplied Ma- |
| | | | |terials and Assembling |
| | | | |Supplied Parts", pro- |
| | | | |mulgated by Document |
| | | | |No. 80 (1987) of the State |
| | | | |Council on December 23, |
| | | | |1987 |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 9 |Notice of the General |May 21, |(1983) State |Replaced by "Notice of |
| |Office of the State |1983 |Council, |the State Council Con- |
| |Council Concerning | |No. 38 |cerning Its Approval and |
| |Problems of Buying | | |Transmission of a Report |
| |Airplane Tickets and | | |Submitted by the Min- |
| |of Safety Inspection in| | |istry of Public Security |
| |the course of For- | | |and the Civil Aviation |
| |eigners' travel | | |Administration (of |
| | | | |China) Requesting In- |
| | | | |structions on Simplifying |
| | | | |the Procedures for Buy- |
| | | | |ing Airplane Tickets on |
| | | | |Domestic Airlines", pro- |
| | | | |mulgated by Document |
| | | | |No. 133 (1985) of the |
| | | | |State Council on |
| | | | |November 25, 1985 |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 10 |Notice of the General |May 26, |(1983) State |Replaced by "Notice of |
| |Office of the State |1983 |Council, |the State Council Con- |
| |Council Concerning | |No. 41 |cerning Its Approval and |
| |Several Specific Pro- | | |Transmission of a Report |
| |blems relating to | | |Submitted by the |
| |"Decree of the State | | |Ministry of Public Securi- |
| |Council Concerning | | |ty and the Civil Aviation |
| | | | |Administration (of |
| |the Strengthening of | | |China) Requesting In- |
| |Measures Against | | |structions on Simplifying |
| |High-jacking and for | | |the Procedures for Buy- |
| |Safety" | | |ing Airplane Tickets on |
| | | | |Domestic Airlines", pro- |
| | | | |mulgated by Document |
| | | | |No. 133 (1985) of the |
| | | | |State Council on Novem- |
| | | | |ber 25, 1985 |
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
|======|=======================|=============|=============|===========================|
| 11 |Notice of the State |August 5, |(1983) State |Replaced by "Notice of |
| |Council Concerning |1983 |Council, |the State Council Con- |
| |Its Approval and | |No. 121 |cerning Its Approval and |
| |Transmission of a | | |Transmission of "Notice |
| |Report Submitted by | | | of the State Planning |
| |the Ministry of For- | | |Commission and of |
| |eign Economic Rela- | | |Other Departments on a |
| |tions and Trade on | | |Report Concerning the |
| |Problems Concerning | | |Expansion of the Expor- |
| |Vigorous Expansion | | |tation of Machinery and |
| |of Exportation of | | |Electrical products", pro- |
| |Machinery and Elec- | | |mulgated by Document |
| |trical Products | | |No. 128 (1985) of the |
| | | | |State Council on October |
| | | | |19, 1985 |
|------|-----------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| 12 |Provisions Concern- |Promul- |(1984) State |Replaced by "Notice of |
| |ing the Standard of |gated by |Council, |the State Bureau of |
| |Expenses for Reciving |the General |No. 58 |Foreign Expert Affairs, |
| |Foreign Experts in |Office of | |the Ministry of Finance, |
| |Culture and Edu- |the State | |and the State Science and |
| |cation |Council on | |Technology Commission |
| | |July 24, | |Concerning Revision of |
| | |1984 | |the Standard of Expenses |
| | | | |for Receiving Foreign Ex- |
| | | | |perts", promulgated by |
| | | | |Document No. 85 (1988) |
| | | | |of the State Bureau of |
| | | | |Foreign Expert Affairs on |
| | | | |April 9, 1988 |
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题记:南方网题为《深圳一大厦产权到期政府将收回 上千业主成租客》(http://gd.news.sina.com.cn/news/2011/07/25/1163142.html)的新闻我们团队的关注。难道深圳在开法律的玩笑吗。
作为“阳光政府征收搬迁法律实务研究中心”首席律师,我旗帜鲜明地认为:原深圳市规划国土委规定土地出让年限期满后政府将无偿收回没有法律依据,合同条款无效,从法理上来说,“金桃园小区将成全国第一家土地使用权到期后将被政府无偿收回的物业”的可能性近乎零。
一、原合同条款因无法律依据或违反法律的强制性规定而无效。
“原深圳市规划国土委在转让土地时,曾明确规定土地出让年限期满后,政府将无偿收回金桃园大厦地块使用权,本地块上建筑及其他附着物也由政府无偿取得”。该条款是无效条款,分析如下:
《物权法》第一百四十九条明确规定:“住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的,自动续期。非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满后的续期,依照法律规定办理。该土地上的房屋及其他不动产的归属,有约定的,按照约定;没有约定或者约定不明确的,依照法律、行政法规的规定办理。”
对于国有土地使用权出让合同属于行政合同还是民事合同,学界有争议,目前尚无法律或者司法解释明确规定,2003年最高人民法院召开的行政审判工作会议上的报告中指出,审理行政合同案件,法律有特别规定的,适用法律的规定,没有规定的可以适用《合同法》的规定。王达教授参与了当时的会议。笔者认为应当按照行政合同处理,但无论按照行政合同还是民事合同,“原深圳市规划国土委”的规定(或合同约定)都是无效的:
如果按照行政合同处理,那么该案件属于行政诉讼案件,政府代表国家行使国有土地使用权的管理和监督,属于政府一方主体享有行政优益权的具体行政行为,具体行政行为必须有法律依据,不得超越法律之上行使权利。即,“原深圳市规划国土委”不得超越《物权法》第一百四十九条任意收回住宅建设用地使用权。
如果按照《合同法》处理,该案件属于民事合同,根据《合同法》第52条的规定:违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定的合同为无效合同。“住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的,自动续期”属于法律的强制性规定。即为无效合同,当然不发生法律效力。需要强调的是,本合同条款的无效和开发商是否撒谎没有直接因果关系。
二、深圳特区的地方性法规也不得和宪法、法律相抵触。对非国有财产的征收只能依据法律规定,深圳特区也不例外。
《立法法》第八条规定:“下列事项只能制定法律:......(六)对非国有财产的征收......”本案涉及到对非国有财产的征收问题,只能通过制定法律进行规定,目前可以依据的法律主要是《宪法》、《物权法》、《土地管理法》、《城市房地产管理法》等。
《立法法》第六十三条:“省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本行政区域的具体情况和实际需要,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下,可以制定地方性法规......较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本市的具体情况和实际需要,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规相抵触的前提下,可以制定地方性法规,报省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后施行......本法所称较大的市是指省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市,经济特区所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市。”根据该条规定,作为较大的市的深圳经济特区有权制定深圳市的地方性法规,但不得同宪法、法律、行政法规和广东省的地方性法规相抵触。
《立法法》第六十五条:“经济特区所在地的省、市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据全国人民代表大会的授权决定,制定法规,在经济特区范围内实施。”根据该条规定,深圳作为经济特区享有授权立法的权利,其前提是必须有全国人民代表大会的授权。目前,全国人民代表大会并无此授权。
根据新闻显示的信息:“土地使用者必须遵守市规划国土局签发的《深圳特区土地使用权合同书》及其《土地使用规则》的规定”,仅仅依据这两个文件“无偿收回土地使用权”显然是不合法甚至是荒谬的。那么这两个文件的背后是否有深圳特区更高一级的特区立法,还要做进一步的探究,即便有,根据上述分析,也必须经过授权才能立法,否则,属于违法的抽象行政行为。
三、退一步讲,即便合同到期,本案的性质也只能是国有土地上房屋的征收和补偿问题。应当依据《宪法》、《物权法》、《城市房地产管理法》、《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》等法律、法规对被征收人进行补偿安置。
法律没有直接规定“土地出让年限期满后政府将无偿收回”。
《城市房地产管理法》第二十二条规定:“土地使用权出让合同约定的使用年限届满,土地使用者需要继续使用土地的,应当至迟于届满前一年申请续期,除根据社会公共利益需要收回该幅土地的,应当予以批准。经批准准予续期的,应当重新签订土地使用权出让合同,依照规定支付土地使用权出让金。土地使用权出让合同约定的使用年限届满,土地使用者未申请续期或者虽申请续期但依照前款规定未获批准的,土地使用权由国家无偿收回。”根据《物权法》的规定,对于住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的,自动续期;因此本条可以理解为更倾向于针对非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满的规定。根据本条规定,土地使用者只要在期间届满前一年申请续期的,除根据社会公共利益需要收回该副土地的,应当予以批准;如果不被批准,有且只能有一个理由,那就是必须是为了社会公共利益。现实中,土地使用证在期间届满前必定会申请续期的,除非其不知道或者没有被告知这个权利。从新闻所表现的事实是,该案中1000多户业主确实没有被告知权利。
据此,如果政府根据本条的规定收回土地,必须是为了社会公共利益,而为了社会公共利益的需要收回国有土地,属于征收范畴,必须适用《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》。
以上观点,如有不同意见,请来信探讨!