国家计委


国家计委关于进一步贯彻《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的通知

计政策（2001）1400号


各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市计委：

《中华人民共和国招标投标法》（以下简称招标投标法）自2000年1月1日起实施以来，各地区、各部门认真学习、宣传、贯彻招标投标法，有力地促进了招标投标事业的发展。但是，在招标投标活动中，特别是在工程建设领域，仍然存在一些不容忽视的问题：一些项目业主规避招标或者搞假招标，不在国家指定媒介发布招标公告，不按照法定程序开标、评标和定标；招标代理机构政企不分、政事不分，垄断经营；行政部门直接介入招标投标活动，非法干预法人招标自主权；一些地方、部门滥用行政权力，违法限制或者排斥外地区、外系统投标人。为全面、准确地实施招标投标法，整顿和规范招标投标行为，经与有关部门研究，现将有关问题通知如下：

一、深入地学习宣传招标投标法

各级发展计划部门应当将招标投标法纳入“四五”普法的重点内容，加强招标投标法的学习和培训。主管工程建设和招标投标的各级领导，要认真学习和执行招标投标法，增强依法行政、依法规范招标投标行为的自觉性。要通过各种形式，大力开展贯彻、实施招标投标法的宣传、教育活动，不断提高招标投标当事人的法律意识和法制观念。各有关新闻单位要重视招标投标法的宣传报导，加强舆论引导和监督。

二、清除地区封锁和行业保护，建立招标投标统一大市场

（一）坚决制止以推行招标投标为名强化地区封锁和行业保护行为。在招标投标活动中，对投标人的资格审查条件和评标标准应当一视同仁，不得因地域、行业、所有制不同而加以歧视。不得以获得本地区、本行业奖项作为中标条件或者评标加分条件。禁止人为划小标段，阻碍外地区企业、其他经济组织或者个人参加投标。中标项目分包，严格限定在非主体、非关键性工程；任何单位和个人不得要挟、暗示中标人分包部分工程给本地区、本行业的承包商、供货商。

（二）招标投标法律制度必须保持统一和协调。各地发展计划部门要根据立法法和国务院有关规定，抓紧对涉及招标投标的规范性文件进行一次彻底清理，并积极配合地方政府对地方性规章的清理工作。清理的重点是与招标投标法以及国家有关配套细则相抵触的内容，特别是通过设定歧视性资质要求、评标标准或者不依法发布招标信息等方式，限制或者排斥外地区企业、其他经济组织或者个人参加本地区的招标投标活动的地区封锁规定。清理工作要在今年年底前完成。

三、严格执行依法必须招标制度

（一）凡达到国家规定规模标准的建设工程施工、重要设备和主要材料采购，必须依法招标。

（二）积极推进建设工程的勘察、设计、监理等服务招标，

抓紧研究制定符合各类服务招标特点的招标投标规定和评标规则，规范服务招标活动。

（三）省级人民政府确定本地区必须招标项目的具体规模标准，不得缩小国家确定的必须招标范围，同时要防止规模标准过低影响招标活动效率和效益。除国务院和省级人民政府依法确定外，任何地方和部门不得再行制定必须招标工程建设项目的招标范围和规模标准。

四、切实贯彻公开性原则，保证潜在投标人平等、便捷地获取招标信息

（一）严格落实招标公告发布制度。依法必须招标的工程建设项目，包括施工、勘察设计、监理以及设备材料招标，必须在国家指定的媒介（《中国日报》、《中国经济导报》、《中国建设报》、《中国采购与招标网》）发布招标公告。省级人民政府依照审批权限审批的依法必须招标的民用建筑项目，可以在省级发展计划部门指定的媒介发布招标公告。任何单位和个人不得违法指定或者限制招标公告的发布地点和发布范围。对非法干预招标公告发布活动的，依法追究主管人和其他直接责任人责任。省级发展计划部门指定的招标公告发布媒介，应当报送国家计委备案。

（二）公开评标标准和评标方法。评标标准和评标方法必须在招标文件中公开载明，并不得随意改变。凡未在招标文件中公开的评标标准和评标方法，不得作为评标依据。

五、规范评标机构和评标活动，保证评标活动的公正性

（一）依法组建评标机构。评标由招标人依法组建的评标委员会负责。评标委员会人数应当符合法定条件，其中招标人或者招标代理机构以外的技术、经济方面的专家不得少于成员人数的三分之二。严格执行回避制度，项目主管部门或者行政监督部门的行政工作人员，不准作为评标委员会成员参与评标、定标。

（二）建立和完善评标专家制度。要严格评标专家资格认定，实施动态管理，对私下接触投标人，收受投标人财物或者其他好处，透露对投标文件的评审和比较、中标候选人的推荐情况、与评标有关的其他情况以及无正当理由拒不参加评标的评标专家，由有关部门按照规定的职责分工，依法给予取消评标专家资格等处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。省级发展计划部门要研究设立跨部门的综合性评标专家库，打破部门界限，实现专家资源共享，提高评标质量。

（三）正确使用标底。招标人编制标底的，其标底只能依法作为防止串通投标、哄抬标价和分析报价是否合理等情况的参考，不能成为决定废标的直接依据。严格执行标底保密制度，对发现有泄露标底的违法行为，依法予以处罚，并追究单位负责人和直接责任人的责任。鼓励实行无标底的评标方法。

（四）严格规范中标人确定程序。禁止采取抽签、摇号等博彩性方式进行投标资格预审和确定中标人。评标委员会推荐的中标候选人应当限定在一至三人，并标明排列顺序。为切实体现评标公正，防止“暗箱操作”，凡使用国有资金项目、国家融资项目，招标人须确定排名第一的中标候选人为中标人。但在排名第一的中标候选人放弃中标、因不可抗力提出不能履行合同，或者招标文件规定应当提供履约保证金而不能在规定期限内提交履约保证金的情况下，招标人可以确定排名第二名的中标候选人为中标人。排名第二的中标候选人因同样原因不能签订合同的，招标人可以确定排名第三的中标候选人为中标人。国务院对中标人的确定另有规定的，可以除外。

六、整顿招标代理机构，促进招标代理市场健康发展

（一）整顿招标代理机构。依法规范和整顿招标代理机构，招标代理机构必须与行政主管部门脱钩，并不得存在任何隶属关系或者经济利益关系。没有完成与政府部门脱钩和进行工商注册登记的招标代理机构，不得从事招标代理业务。对行使或者变相行使行政监督和管理职能，以服务机构名义参与招标投标代理活动的违法行为，有关部门应当限期予以纠正和处罚。禁止任何个人私自为投标人和招标人充当中介，扰乱招标投标市场秩序。

（二）严格招标代理资格认定工作。对招标代理机构资格认定申请，资格认定部门要会同有关部门，组织各有关方面参加的专家委员会认真评审，严格把关。资格认定部门评定招标代理机构要充分听取有关部门意见。

（三）研究建立招标投标活动当事人自律机制，促进招标投标事业健康发展。研究组建招标投标行业自律性组织，指导和规范招标代理机构和其他招标投标当事人行为。逐步建立招标代理信誉评价制度。

七、转变职能，依法实施行政监督

（一）项目法人招标自主权依法受到保护。对制定招标工作计划，组织投标资格审查、编制标底和评标工作、确定开标时间和地点、确定中标人，发出中标通知书和签订合同等事项，应当依法由项目法人自主决定。任何政府部门、机构和个人不得直接参与或者干预具体的招标投标活动，不准擅自设置没有法律、法规依据的审批、核准环节，已经设置的，一律停止执行。

（二）依法核准招标事项。依法必须招标的建设项目，凡需报送项目审批部门审批的，必须在报送建设项目可行性研究报告时增加有关招标的内容。其中，国家重点项目和省级人民政府确定的地方重点项目，拟采用邀请招标的，应当对采用邀请招标的理由作出说明；国家计委审批的建设项目拟采用自行招标的，还应当按照《工程建设项目自行招标试行办法》（国家发展计划委员会令第5号）规定报送书面材料。项目审批部门在批准建设项目可行性研究报告时，应当对项目建设单位拟定的招标范围、招标方式（公开招标或者邀请招标）、招标组织形式（委托招标或者自行招标）作出核准或者不予核准的意见。

（三）完善监管手段。省级发展计划部门应当加快招标投标监督网络建设，实现相关部门之间监督网络互联，并及时向社会发布招标投标过程中的相关信息，接受公众监督。

（四）加强对招标投标活动实施过程的监督。各有关行政监督部门应当严格按照职责分工，加强对招标投标活动的全过程监督，主动开展执法检查，及时纠正和查处各类违法行为。

各级发展计划部门要加强对重大建设项目建设过程中招标投标的监督检查。

从今年下半年起，各级发展计划部门要协同有关部门，按照国务院和各级地方人民政府关于整顿和规范市场经济秩序的统一部署，集中力量，统一行动，开展一次对重大建设项目贯彻招标投标法的专项检查，依法惩处各类规避招标、虚假招标等违法活动，进一步推动招标投标法的贯彻落实。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　二00一年七月二十七日

国务院


中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

1990年12月5日，国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强海上国际集装箱运输管理，明确有关各方责任，适应国家对外贸易的需要，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的海上国际集装箱运输企业及与海上国际集装箱运输有关的单位和个人。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部主管全国海上国际集装箱运输事业。
第四条 海上国际集装箱运输必须贯彻安全、准确、迅速、经济和文明服务的方针，积极发展门到门运输。

第二章 海上国际集装箱运输企业的开业审批
第五条 海上国际集装箱运输企业是指从事海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业、港口装卸企业及其承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站。
第六条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业，应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审核，报交通部审批。
第七条 设立港口国际集装箱装卸企业应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
本办法发布后新设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，应当经设立该企业的主管部门审核同意后，由省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批，报交通部备案。
对外经济贸易系统新设立的承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站的审批办法，由交通部会同对外经济贸易部另行制定。
第八条 设立中外合资经营、中外合作经营的海上国际集装箱运输企业，须经交通部审核同意后，按照有关法律、法规的规定，由对外经济贸易部审批。
第九条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业，应当具备以下条件：
（一）有与其经营范围和服务对象相适应的运输船舶、车辆、设备及其他有关设施；
（二）有相应的组织机构、办公场所、专业管理人员；
（三）有与所经营的集装箱运输业务相适应的注册资本和自有流动资金；
（四）国家法律、法规规定的设立企业的其他条件。
第十条 交通主管部门应当根据申请经营海上国际集装箱运输企业的资金来源、设备情况、管理水平、货源情况，审核批准其业务经营范围。
第十一条 交通主管部门应当将批准文件发给获准经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业。取得批准文件的单位，凭该文件向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册，经核准发给营业执照后，方可开业。
设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站，还应当向海关办理登记手续。

第三章 货运管理
第十二条 用于海上国际集装箱运输的集装箱，应当符合国际集装箱标准化组织规定的技术标准和有关国际集装箱公约的规定。
集装箱所有人、经营人应当做好集装箱的管理和维修工作，定期进行检验，以保证提供适宜于货物运输的集装箱。
违反本条第二款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，由责任人按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十三条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当保证运载集装箱的船舶、车辆、装卸机械及工具处于良好的技术状况，确保集装箱的运输及安全。
承运人及港口装卸企业违反本条第一款规定，造成货物损坏或短缺的，应当按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十四条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当使用集装箱运输单证。
第十五条 承运人可以直接组织承揽集装箱货物，托运人可以直接向承运人或委托货运代理人洽办进出口集装箱货物的托运业务。
第十六条 托运人应当如实申报货物的品名、性质、数量、重量、规格。托运的集装箱货物，必须符合集装箱运输的要求，其标志应当明显、清楚。
第十七条 托运人或承运人在货物装箱前应当认真检查箱体，不得使用影响货物运输、装卸安全的集装箱。
第十八条 装运粮油食品、冷冻品等易腐食品的集装箱，须经商检机构检验合格后方可使用。
第十九条 集装箱货物运达目的地后，承运人应当及时向收货人发出提货通知，收货人应当在收到通知后，凭提单提货。
收货人超过规定期限不提货或不按期限归还集装箱的，应当按照有关规定或合同约定支付货物、集装箱堆存费及支付集装箱超期使用费。
第二十条 海上国际集装箱的运费和其他费用，应当根据国家有关运输价格和费率的规定计收；国家没有规定的，按照双方商定的价格计收。任何单位不得乱收费用。
第二十一条 承运人及港口装卸企业，应当定期向交通主管部门报送运输统计报表。
第二十二条 与海上国际集装箱运输相关的各方应当及时相互提供集装箱运输信息。

第四章 交接和责任
第二十三条 承运人与托运人或收货人应当根据提单确定的交接方式，在码头堆场、货运站或双方商定的其他地点办理集装箱、集装箱货物交接。
第二十四条 参加海上国际集装箱运输的承运人、港口装卸企业应当按照下列规定办理集装箱交接：
（一）海上承运人通过理货机构与港口装卸企业在船边交接；
（二）经水路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与水路承运人在船边交接；
（三）经公路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业与公路承运人在集装箱码头大门交接；
（四）经铁路集疏运的集装箱，港口装卸企业或公路承运人与铁路承运人在装卸场交接。
第二十五条 集装箱交接时，交接双方应当检查箱号、箱体和封志。重箱凭封志和箱体状况交接；空箱凭箱体状况交接。
交接双方检查箱号、箱体和封志后，应当作出记录，并共同签字确认。
第二十六条 承运人、港口装卸企业对集装箱、集装箱货物的损坏或短缺的责任，交接前由交方承担，交接后由接方承担。但如果在交接后一百八十天内，接方能提出证据证明集装箱的损坏或集装箱货物的损坏或短缺是由交方原因造成，交方应当承担赔偿责任。法律另有规定的除外。
第二十七条 除法律另有规定外，承运人与托运人应当根据下列规定，对集装箱货物的损坏或短缺负责：
（一）由承运人负责装箱的货物，从承运人收到货物后至运达目的地交付收货人之前的期间内，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
（二）由托运人负责装箱的货物，从装箱托运后至交付收货人之前的期间内，如箱体和封志完好，货物损坏或短缺，由托运人负责；如箱体损坏或封志破坏，箱内货物损坏或短缺，由承运人负责。
承运人与托运人或收货人之间要求赔偿的时效，从集装箱货物交付之日起算不超过一百八十天，但法律另有规定的除外。
第二十八条 由于托运人对集装箱货物申报不实造成人员伤亡，运输工具、货物自身及其他货物、集装箱损失的，由托运人负责。
第二十九条 由于装箱人的过失，造成人员伤亡，运输工具、其他货物、集装箱损失的，由装箱人负责。
第三十条 集装箱货物发生损坏或短缺，对外索赔时需要商检部门鉴定出证的，应当依照《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》办理。
集装箱、集装箱货物发生短缺，对外索赔时需要理货机构出证的，应当依照有关规定办理。

第五章 罚 则
第三十一条 无运输营业执照从事集装箱运输业务的，由交通主管部门责令其停止营业，由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十二条 违反本规定及国家有关物价法规收取运输费用的，由物价管理部门给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反运输单证管理规定的，由交通主管部门视情节轻重给予警告或罚款。
第三十四条 扰乱运输秩序或随意扩大业务经营范围的，由交通主管部门责令其整顿，并由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十五条 当事人对处罚决定不服的，可以在收到处罚通知的次日起十五日内，向处罚机关的上一级机关申请复议。接到复议申请的机关应当在三十日内作出复议决定。当事人对复议决定仍不服的，可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、不起诉，又不履行处罚决定或复议决定的，作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。

第六章 附 则
第三十六条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
交通部可以根据本规定制定实施细则。
第三十七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATIONOF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the administration
of maritime international container transport, to clearly define the
responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's
needs in handling foreign trade.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established
within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of
maritime international container transport, and also to units and
individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international
container transport.
Article 3
The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be
responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime
international container transport throughout the country.
Article 4
In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles
of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized services must be
followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively developed.

Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applica- tions for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport
Article 5
"Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container
transport" refers to those shipping enterprises that are engaged in
maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprises
that are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment
stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international
container transport.
Article 6
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
the operations of maritime international container transport shall be
submitted to the competent departments for communications of the
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the
Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.
Article 7
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for
the record.
After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the
establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations
that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be
submitted first to the competent department that has established the said
enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications
for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the
applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of
Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade.
Article 8
The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle
maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the
Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and
shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent laws and
regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations
and Trade for examination and approval.
Article 9
The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of
maritime international container transport must satisfy the following
conditions:
(1) to have transport vessels, transport motor vehicles, transport
equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of
business and to the needs of their customers;
(2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up
their business office, and specialized administrative personnel;
(3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that
meets the requirements of their business operations;
(4) to meet other conditions as stipulated by State laws, decrees and
regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.
Article 10
The competent department for communications shall examine, verify and
approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have
applied for the permission to handle maritime international container
transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment
and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of
cargoes.
Article 11
The competent department of communications shall issue the approving
documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle
maritime international container transport. The units that have received
the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration
procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the
administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the
business licences after checking and approving the enterprises'
application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start
business operations.
Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of
the registration procedures.

Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation
Article 12
The containers used in maritime international container transport shall
conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international
organization for the standardization of containers, and also to the
provisions of the pertinent international containers convention.
The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the
management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular
inspections, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are
suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions
in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a
result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)
who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 13
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall
guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery and tools
are kept in a good technical condition, thereby ensuring the
transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and
enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions
in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are
damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 14
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the
container shipping documents.
Article 15
Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation of
container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with
shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment of import and
export container goods.
Article 16
Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, and
their property, quantity, weight, and specifications. The goods shipped by
consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container
transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.
Article 17
Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful
inspection of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse
effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.
Article 18
Containers which are used for shipping such perishables as grains, edible
oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity
inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for
shipping.
Article 19
As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper
shall promptly send a cargo delivery notice to the consignee; and the
consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the
strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear
the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue, or that the consignee
fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the
said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations or with the agreement set forth in the contract, the
demurrage charge for the extended use of containers.
Article 20
The freight charges for maritime international container transport and
other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the
State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the
absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and
collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No
units shall be permitted to collect charges at random.
Article 21
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit
periodical statistical statements on transportation to the competent
department for communications.
Article 22
Various parties that are involved in maritime international container
transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information
concerning container transport.

Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities
Article 23
Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-
over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over
operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight
stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.
Article 24
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take
part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-
over operations in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside
vessel through the tally companies and enterprises that are engaged in
port handling;
(2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway
carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;
(3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers
shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container
terminal;
(4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers
and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of
handling.
Article 25
While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two handling
parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and
the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over
by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the
empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body.
After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the
marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it
by appending their signatures to the record.
Article 26
With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are
engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and
container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be
taken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the
liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within
180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party
is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the
containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the
handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the
liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 27
Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in
accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the
damage or loss of container goods:
(1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers
receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but
before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up
the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
(2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained
intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the
vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day
before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors
shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container
bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the
containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the
shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims
for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from
the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided by
law.
Article 28
In case that the consignors' inaccurate or false declaration on container
goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of
means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other
goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences
arising therefrom.
Article 29
In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has resulted
in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport,
of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the
liabilities for the consequences arising therefrom.
Article 30
In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates an appraisal and the issue of the relevant certificate by the
administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. In
case that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally
department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent
provisions.

Chapter V Provisions on Penalties
Article 31
With respect to those who are engaged in container transport business
without a business licence for handling transport business, the competent
department for communications shall order them to cease business
operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative
department for industry and commerce.
Article 32
With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation of
these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on
commodity prices, they shall be penalized by the department for the
control of commodity prices.
Article 33
With respect to those who have violated the administration of transport
documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a pecuniary
penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the
seriousness of the cases.
Article 34
With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of
transportation or have expanded their scope of business without
authorization, they shall be ordered by the competent department for
communications to carry out rectification of their business, and shall be
penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 35
In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on
penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the
receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the
competent department immediately above the punishing department for
reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent
department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within
30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on
reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the
decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately
after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a
people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for
reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute
the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within
the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision
on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 36
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of
Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate the rules for
implementation in accordance with these Provisions.
Article 37
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.